Перевод: с исландского на английский

с английского на исландский

to eat

  • 1 tæra

    * * *
    (-ða, -ðr), v.
    1) to consume, spend (tæra penninga);
    2) to entertain, with dat. (konungr tærði honum vel ok sœmiliga).
    * * *
    ð, [Dan. tære; Germ. zehren], to consume, spend; þú tærir út tveim höndum, Fms. xi. 423; t. penninga, Bs. i. 699: to entertain, konungr tók Sturlu vel ok tærði honum vel ok sæmiliga, Sturl. iii. 307.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > tæra

  • 2 borîa

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > borîa

  • 3 minnka, ganga á

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > minnka, ganga á

  • 4 ETA

    I)
    (et; át, átum; etinn), v.
    1) to eat (eta kjöt, mat sinn, dagverð);
    fig., eta orð sín, to eat one’s own words;
    sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats away the heart;
    refl., Gyðingar átust innan, er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this.
    f.
    1) crib, manger;
    standa öllum fótum í etu, to live at rack and manger;
    2) pl., etur, cancer (etur í andliti).
    * * *
    proncd. éta; pret. át, pl. átu; pres. et, proncd. iet, Greg. 82; part. etið; pret. subj. æti; imperat. et; [Lat. ĕdere; Gr. ἔδειν; Ulf. ïtan; A. S. and Hel. etan; Engl. eat; O. H. G. ezan; mod. Germ. essen; Swed. äta; Dan. æde]:—to eat, Grág. ii. 347; sem þú mátt vel e., Nj. 75; e. dagverð, Ld. 10; þar’s ek hafða eitt etið, Hm. 66; e. kjöt, Greg. l. c.; at engi er hér sá inni er skjótara skal eta mat sinn en ek, Edda 31 (hence fljót-ætinn, sein-ætinn, rash or slow eating); át hvárrtveggi sem tíðast, id.; Logi hafði ok etið slátr allt, id.; et mat þinn, tröll. Fas. iii. 179.
    2. metaph. to eat, consume; eigu at eta alla aura ómagans sem hann sjálfr, Grág. i. 288; eyddir ok etnir, Fms. xi. 423; sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats the heart, Hm. 122; etandi öfund, consuming envy, Str.; Gyðingar átusk innan er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this, 656 C. 17.
    β. medic., 655 xxx. 8.
    γ. the phrase, eta orð sín, to eat one’s own words, Karl. 478; or, eta ofan í sig aptr, id., of liars or slanderers.
    δ. the dubious proverb, úlfar eta annars eyrendi, wolves eat one another’s fare or prey, Ld. 92; and recipr., etask af úlfs munni, to tear one another as wolves, Ísl. ii. 165; ok hefir mér farit sem varginum, þeir eta þar (etask?) til er at halanum kemr ok finna eigi fyrr. Band. 12, where MS.—þat ætla ek at mér verði vargsins dæmi, þeir finnask eigi fyrr at en þeir hafa etisk ok þeir koma at halanum, 26: as to this proverb cp. also the allusion, Hðm. 30: the mod. turn is—úlfr rekr annars erindi, so used by Hallgr.—annars erindi rekr úlfr og löngum sannast það—and so in paper MSS. of Ld. l. c., but prob. a corruption.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ETA

  • 5 NEYTA

    (-tta, -ttr), v.
    1) to use, make use of, with gen. (koma num þar, at vér munum þess neyta);
    neyta matar, to eat;
    3) with acc.; margs kyns vápn, má þau vel neyta á skipi, they may well be used in ships;
    4) with preps.,
    neyta af e-u, to eat of it (neyta af því opt);
    neyta e-t upp, to consume, waste (þeir er alla peninga sína neyta upp í ofáti ok ofdrykkju).
    * * *
    t, [nautr, njóta; Germ. nätzen; A. S. notian; Old Engl. and Scot. note], to use, enjoy, with gen. or absol.; neyta fjár-nytjar þeirrar, to use the milk, Grág. i. 428; koma mun þar at vér munum þess n., Nj. 232; þeim er neytti eðr njóta þyrfti þessa vættis, 238; ok svá allra gagna til at neyta, Grág. ii. 81; þar er menn selja hross sín til geymslu á alþingi at lögmáli, skal sá, er við hefir tekit, at engu neyta, 140; nefnir hann sér vætti þat at lögum, at njóta ok neyta, ii. 79.
    2. to consume; neyta matar, to eat, Gísl. 16; at neyta þeirra kykvenda allra er nú eru æt kölluð, Ver. 9; hvers hann hafði neytt ok hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155.
    3. with acc., (less correct and prob. a Norwegianism); vápn, má þau vel neyta á skipi, they may well be used in ships, Sks. 388 B; er alla penninga sína neyta upp (consume, waste) í ofáti ok ofdrykkju, Skálda 208: to eat, skulut þit alla hluti neyta, Sks. 500 B; fyrir því at þú neyttir kviðjaðan ávöxt jarðar, 548 B:—with dat., in translations influenced by the Lat. uti with abl., neytti hann ílla frjálsu sjálfræði, Mar.; valdsmenn þeir er ílla neyta sínu valdi, Stat. 272.
    4. with prep.; neyta af e-u, to eat of it; neyt af því opt, Pr. 472; af því bauð hann okkr ekki neyta, Sks. 504.
    II. reflex, to be consumed; eyðask ok upp neytask, Stj. 154.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > NEYTA

  • 6 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 7 ÁT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    n. [éta, át, edere, A. S. ǽt], the act of eating, in the phrase, at öldri ok at áti, inter bibendum et edendum, Grág. ii. 170, N. G. L. i. 29; át ok drykkja, Fas. ii. 552, Orkn. 200; át ok atvinna, Stj. 143: of beasts, kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow (being sick) would not eat, Bs. i. 194.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÁT

  • 8 BLANDA

    * * *
    I)
    (blend; blétt, bléndum; blandinn), v. to blend, mix, e-t e-u, with a thing (blanda mjöð, drykk, eitri); blanda e-t saman, to mix together (blanda saman hvítt ok rautt); more common, blanda e-u við e-t; blanda vatni við vín, to mix wine with water; blanda mötuneyti (dat.,) við e-n, to eat together with one;
    refl., blandast við e-n, to have intercourse with one, esp. of sexual intercourse (blandast við konur af heiðnum þjóðum).
    (að), v. = prec.
    f. mixture of two fluids (fór fyrst ór blóð, síðan blanda), esp. sour whey mixed with water.
    * * *
    in early Icel. poetry and prose a strong verb; pres. 1st pers. blend, Ls. 3; 3rd pers. blendr, Grág. ii. 389; reflex. blendsk, Symb. 30; pret. 1st pers. blétt, Am. 79, Greg. 50; reflex. blézk, Orkn. 104 (in a verse from about A. D. 1046); pl. bléndu, bléndum, Ls. 9, Greg. 60, Edda 47; reflex. bléndusk, Hkm. 8; subj. reflex. bléndisk, Mart. 129; blandinn (freq.), Sdm., Ýt., etc., vide Lex. Poët., Skálda 164; but in the 13th century and later the weak form (blanda, að) prevailed in all tenses except the part. pass., where the old blandinn = blandaðr may still be used, though the weak is more common; imperat. blanda, Pr. 471, 472, N. G. L. i. 12; pres. blandar, 13; part. blandaðr, Sks. 349, Pr. 470, 472 (MS. about A. D. 1250), [Ulf. blandan, a redupl. verb; A. S. bland; Engl. blend; O. H. G. blantan; lost in N. H. G.; Swed. blanda]:—to blend, mix, the beverage in acc., the mixed ingredient in dat.; b. mjöð (drykk), eitri, meini, Greg. l. c.; drottning ok Bárðr blönduðu þá drykkinn ólyfjani, Eg. 210: adding ‘við,’ lítið (acc. instead of dat.) verðr ok við blandit, Skálda 164; maturt blandin við upsa-gall, Pr. l. c.; þar fellr Jórdan í gegnum, ok blendsk eigi ( does not blend) við vötnin, Symb. l. c.; tak skógar súru ok blanda (imperat.) við fornt vín, Pr. l. c.; b. með, id., Rb. 164; b. saman, to mix together, Pr. l. c.
    II. metaph. to mix together, of fellowship or association, but partic. used of carnal intercourse, cp. the Gr. μιγηναι, Lat. misceri; b. mötuneyti (dat.) við e-n, to eat together with one, N. G. L. l. c.; blandask í samfélagi, to associate with, Mart. l. c.; vér megum eigi hjálp né heilsu af Guði fá, nema vér blandimk við hans orð, 625. 181; þeir blönduðusk þá meir við mannfólk enn nú, they had more intercourse with, Fas. i. 391: to have carnal intercourse, vár skal éingi blandask við búfé, N. G. L. i. 18; þat fell í hórdómum, ok blönduðusk við þær konur er af heiðnum þjóðum vóru, Sks. 588.
    III. part. blandinn is used as an adj. with the notion mixed, mingled, bad, of temper, character, manner; Helgi var blandinn mjök (had a mixed, mingled creed), hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til harðraeða ok sjófara, Landn. 206; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér ( thou art bold and brave), en hon er blandin mjök, but she is a woman of mixed report, Nj. 49.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BLANDA

  • 9 eta

    I)
    (et; át, átum; etinn), v.
    1) to eat (eta kjöt, mat sinn, dagverð);
    fig., eta orð sín, to eat one’s own words;
    sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats away the heart;
    refl., Gyðingar átust innan, er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this.
    f.
    1) crib, manger;
    standa öllum fótum í etu, to live at rack and manger;
    2) pl., etur, cancer (etur í andliti).
    * * *
    u, f., mod. jata, a crib, manger, Hom. 36, 127, Mar. 26; in the proverb, standa öllum fótum í etu, to stand with all feet in the crib, to live at rack and manger. Gísl. 46. etu-stallr, m. a crib, manger, Orkn. 218.
    II. medic. cancer, Magn. 480: mod. áta or átu-mein.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > eta

  • 10 HEFJA

    enter on/upon
    * * *
    (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.
    1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);
    hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;
    hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;
    hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
    hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
    hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;
    2) to exalt, raise in rank;
    hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;
    hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;
    hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;
    hefja flokk, to raise a party;
    hefja ákall, to raise a claim;
    impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);
    refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);
    4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);
    höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;
    þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;
    5) with preps.:
    hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;
    impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;
    þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;
    refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;
    hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);
    refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;
    hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;
    impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;
    hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);
    impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;
    hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);
    Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;
    impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;
    refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);
    hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;
    láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).
    * * *
    pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]
    A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.
    2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.
    3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.
    β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.
    4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.
    II. impers.,
    1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.
    2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.
    III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.
    β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.
    2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.
    3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.
    B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:
    1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.
    2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.
    β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.
    γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.
    δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.
    II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.
    III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436.

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  • 11 LÚKA

    (lýk; lauk, lukum; lokinn), v.
    1) to shut (= lúka aptr);
    2) to end, bring to an end, finish, conclude, with dat. (hann lauk rœðu sinni);
    þá er menn höfðu lokit lögskilum at mæla, when they had finished their pleading;
    3) to pay, lúka e-m e-t (svá mikit fé, sem vér eigum konunginum at lúka);
    4) impers., lýkr e-u, it is at an end;
    lýkr þar nú sögunni, here the story ends;
    eptir þat var lokit þinginu, after that the Thing was broken up;
    var þess ván, at illa mundi illum lúka, that it would end badly with a bad man;
    þá var lokit öllum vistum nema hval, all stores were exhausted, except whale;
    absol., svá lauk at lyktum, finally it ended so that;
    lýkr svá, at þeir kaupa þessu, it ended so that they struck the bargain;
    áðr en lýkr, áðr lýkr, before the end comes (nærr munum við gangast áðr lýkr);
    um þat er lýkr, finally, in the end;
    5) with preps.:
    lúka aptr, to shut, with acc. or dat. (lúka aptr hurðina or hurðinni);
    lúka e-u í sundr, to open (lúk heill munni í sundr);
    impers., er í sundr lauk firðinum, when the fjord opened;
    lúka upp, to open, with dat. or acc. (lúka upp hurðinni or hurðina);
    lúka upp augum, to open the eyes;
    to declare, make known (en er jarl hafði því upp lokit, at hann mundi fylgja þeim);
    lúka uppgørð, to deliver a judgement (of an umpire);
    impers., lýkr e-u upp, it opens;
    lúka vel (illa) við e-n, to behave well (ill), deal fairly (unfairly) with a person (Bolli fekk Sigríði gjaforð göfugt ok lauk vel við hana);
    lúka við, to end (má vera, at svá lúki við, at þér þykki alkeypt);
    lúka yfir, impers., to come to an end, to a final issue (skal nú yfir lúka með oss);
    6) refl., lúkast, to be shut (ok þegar laukst hurðin á hæla honum);
    to come to an end, to end (hér lýkst sjá bók);
    lúkast upp, to open (fjallit laukst upp norðan).
    * * *
    pres. lýk; pret. lauk, laukt (mod. laukst), lauk; pl. luku; subj. lyki; part, lokinn; mod. ljúka, which form is not found in old writers; [Scot. louk; Shetl. lock; Dan. lukke]:
    I. to shut; lúka korn-hlöðum, Stj. 212: but mostly with prep., lúka upp, to open; lúka aptr, to shut, both with acc. and dat., in mod. usage with dat. solely; lúka upp mína kistu, Fbr. 46 new Ed.; but, lýkr þá upp kistunni, dat. (in the same page): ok hjarra-grind, svá at menn lúki upp af hrossi ok aptr ef vill, Grág. ii. 264; eru menn skyldir at lúka löghlið aptr á löggarði, ef sá maðr lýkr eigi aptr hliðit, 265; hann lýkr aptr fjósinu ok býr svá um at ekki má upp lúka, Gísl. 29; hann lýkr aptr eptir sér ramliga, 30; lúka upp hurðum, Vall. 218: lúka upp augum, to open the eyes, Bs. i. 318; but, lúka aptr augum, to shut the eyes: tak þú nú við kistu-lyklum mínum, þvíat ek mun þeim eigi lúka optar, Nj. 94; síðan lauk hann upp skemmuna, Fms. vi. 189; lúka upp dyrnar, viii. 332; tóku þá frá slagbranda ok luku upp hurðina, Ó. H. 135: nokkuru síðar var lokit (upp) úti-hurðu, Bs. i. 627; so also, lúka sundr munni, to open the mouth, Háv. 25 new Ed.
    II. metaph., lúka upp, to open one’s mind, declare, speak out; en er jarl hafði því upp lokið ( when he had made known) at hann mundi fylgja þeim, Ó. H. 54; nú skal þat upp lúka fyrir yðr er mér hefir lengi í skapi búit, 32; Guð heyrði bæn hans ok lauk upp fyrir honum öllum þessum hlutum, revealed to him all these things, Stj. 5.
    2. as a law term, lúka upp görð, to deliver a judgment, of an umpire, Fs. 49, Nj. 77; málin kómu í dóm Vermundar, en hann lauk görðum upp á Þórsness-þingi, Eb. 246; vil ek nú lúka upp sættar-görð milli þeirra Steinars ok Þorsteins, Eg. 735, passim; see görð.
    3. lúka við, to end; vera má at svá lúki við, áðr vit skiljum, at þér þykki alkeypt, Eb. 266.
    4. lúka yfir, to come to a bitter end; eigi vil ek við sonu þína sættum taka, ok skal nú yfir lúka með oss, Nj. 200; þar á móti freistar hinn frækni hversvetna, áðr yfir lúki, the bold will not give up as long as any chance is left, Al. 100; ok hugði, at þá mundi bráðast yfir lúka hans ætt ok þeirra frænda ef hann hætti til þeirra afar-kosta, it would then come to a final issue, Fms. viii. 24.
    III. to end, bring to an end, finish; nú lúku vér hér Hólmverja-sögu, Ísl. ii. 118; ok lúku vér hér þessum þætti, Njarð. 384; lúku vér svá Vápnfirðinga-sögu, Vápn. (fine); lið allt mundi vera niðri í Eyjum at lúka heyverkum, Nj. 113; þá er menn höfðu lokið lögskilum at mæla, when men had done, finished their pleading, Lv. 52.
    2. as a law term, to bring a case to a conclusion, discharge; vilju vér nú lúka málinu þótt þú ráðir einn skildaganum, Nj. 81; at vit Guðmundr görim um ok lúkim málinu, Ölk. 35; er hann hafði lokit erendum sínum, Sturl. iii. 280; vil ek nú svá at einu lúka málum mínum at þér líki vel ok Einari, Eg. 731.
    3. the phrase, lúka vel, ílla við e-n (ellipt. qs. lúka málum), to behave well (ill), deal fairly (unfairly), with a person, with the notion of a final dealing; at þeim mundi fjándskapr í þykkja ef hann lýkr ílla við þá, Eb. 114; at hann mundi enn ílla við þá lúka, Lv. 23; Bolli fékk Sigríði gjaforð göfugt, ok lauk vel við hana, Boll. 362.
    4. lúka e-u af, to finish: lúka við e-t, id.
    5. in mod. usage, ljúka and ljúka e-u, to have done eating; ljúka úr askinum, to eat up one’s platefull, leave nothing; eg get ekki lokið því, I cannot eat it all.
    IV. to pay, discharge, with acc. of the amount; lúka e-m e-t, svá mikit fé sem vér eigum konunginum at lúka, Fms. vi. 148; ok lúka í gulli eðr brendu silfri, Bs. i. 31; nú bera þeir vitni er hann lauk skuld þeirri allri sér af hendi, N. G. L. i. 32; luku þeir jarli fé svá at honum gazt at, Grett. 59 new Ed.; hann skal lúka Hallvarði fjóra mánaðar mati, Anal. 295: acc., hina fyrstu skuld lýk ek með þessu Grímhildi systur, Þiðr. 324: to discharge, of duties, Snorri kvaðsk mundu lúka erendum þeirra, Eb. 212.
    V. impers. it opens; er í sundr lauk firðinum, when the fjord (the entrance) opened, Krók. 59; ok er þeir kómu fyrir Reykjanes, ok þeir sá firðinum upp lúka, Eg. 128.
    2. it is at an end; followed by dat., lokit skal nú okkarri vináttu, Ísl. ii. 238; áðr en lúki þessi stefnu, Fms. x. 358; var þess ván, at ílla mundi íllum lúka, that it would end badly with a bad man, Fas. iii. 314; ok er lokit var drápunni, Ísl. ii. 237; ok lýkr þar nú sögunni, here the Saga ends, 186, 276; ok lýkr þar þessi sögu, Eb. (fine) and passim; ok lýkr hér nú Laxdæla-sögu, Ld. 334; þá var lokit öllum vistum nema hval, all stores at an end, all eaten up, Bs. i. 208; honum lézk allokit allri ván, all hope gone, 198; lauk svá þessum málum, Eg. 733; áðr þeim fundi lúki, Lv. 52.
    VI. absol., svá lauk at lyktum, it ended so that …, Ísl. ii. 269; lýkr svá, at þeir kaupa þessu, it ended so that they struck the bargain, Valla L. 216; lýkr þar frá honum at segja, there it ends to tell of him, passim; nær munu vit gangask áðr en lýkr, Nj. 176; þú munt ærit mjök elska féit, áðr lýkr, Gullþ. 7.
    VII. reflex. to be opened, open; fjallit lauksk upp norðan (opened), Eb. 28, Krók. 52; ok þegar lauksk hurðin á hæla honum, Edda 2:—to come to an end, ok er um þetta allfjölrætt á þingi hversu þessi mál mundu lúkask, Nj. 109: hér lýksk ( here ends) sjá bók, Íb. (fine):—gékk Haldóra með barni, ok lauksk seint um hennar hag. H. was heavy with child, and it went slowly on with her, Sturl. i. 199; at þessarar konu eymd yfir lúkisk á einhvern hátt, can come to some end, Bs. ii. 173:—to be discharged, skal þetta fé upp lúkask ( be paid out) af lögmanni, N. G. L. ii. 12.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LÚKA

  • 12 mata

    * * *
    f. provender, mess (rare).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f. [matr], provender, a mess; of a crew, Kolbeinn lét Hrapp þá fara mötu til sín, Nj. 128, v. l.; the food of fishermen: a fee to the priest (paid in butter), called prests-mata.
    COMPDS: mötunautr, mötuneyti.
    2.
    að, [matr], to feed another, as the nurse does the sick and children; hann getr ekki matað sig, það verðr að mata hann, of a person who cannot even eat without assistance.
    II. reflex. matask, to eat, take food, take a meal, Nj. 175, Fms. i. 35, Fb. ii. 273, Eg. 232, K. Þ. K. 136; spurði hví hann mataðisk svá seint, why he went on eating so slowly, Eb. 244.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > mata

  • 13 NÝTA

    * * *
    (-tta, -ttr), v.
    1) to make use of; ek ætla, at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow; absol., hann spurði síðan, hvárt þá mætti svá nýta, if that would do (be valid); nýta af e-u, to derive benefit (pleasure) from (sjá má, at ekki nýtir þú hér af); eigi munu þit lengr nýta hvárt af öðru, enjoy each other;
    2) to eat, consume (n. svín);
    3) fig., to bear, endure (hvárgi þóttist nýta mega, at þeir væri eigi á samt);
    4) refl., nýtast, to be of use, avail; þetta verk má eigi nýta, it will not succeed, it is in vain.
    * * *
    t, [njóta], to make use of; ek ætla at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow, Fms. vii. 120: absol., ok frétti Þorstein, hvárt þá mætti svá nýta, he asked Th. if that would do, Ísl. ii. 207; skulu vér bræðr búnir ok boðnir til slíks sem þér vilit okkr til nýta, Eg. 50; ekki nýtir þú hér af, Edda 32; eigi munu þit lengr nýta hvárt af öðru, enjoy one another, Sturl. i. 96; þau Sigríðr nýttu eigi af samförum, lived unhappily together, 116; vóru þau í Reykjaholti lengstum, þvíat ekki nýtti af henni um samvistir ef þau vóru eigi þar, ii. 48.
    2. to eat, consume; þat er rétt at nýta svín, K. Þ. K.; nú nýtir hann sér nyt fjár þess, Grág. i. 428; ef hann nýtir sér fuglinn, ii. 346; nýta fæzlu, Anecd., N. G. L. i. 342.
    II. metaph. to use, bear, endure; údaunn svá mikill at menn þóttusk varla mega nýta at sitja yfir henni, Bs. i. 178; þóttusk menninir eigi nýta at vera hjá honum, Hom. (St.), of Job; jaxlinn varð svá sárr, at hann þóttisk eigi nýta mega at láta tunguna við koma, Bs. i. 195; ú-nýta, to destroy, N. G. L. i. 342.
    III. reflex. to avail; þetta má eigi nýtask, Sturl. i. 148; en þetta eitt mál nýttisk ( succeeded) þat er í dóm var lagt, 31.
    β. = nytjask, to yield milk; ok er konur hafa mjólkat, segja þær aldrei jafnílla nýzk (nytjask?) hafa, Ísl. ii. 181.
    2. part. nýtandi. fit to be used, Fms. vi. 422, Fb. i. 168: worthy, nýtandi menn = nýtir menn, xi. 80: eatable, N. G. L. i. 341:—part. pass., hafið þér enn framar nýttar en gefnar vóru, Fms. x. 7.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > NÝTA

  • 14 SEÐJA

    (seð, sadda, saddr), v. to satiate, satisfy (seðja e-n á e-u, af e-u);
    refl., seðjast á e-u, af e-u, to eat one’s fill of a thing. Cf. saddr.
    * * *
    pres. seð, pret. saddi, subj. seddi, part. saddr; [Goth. saþan, sôþ, supposed from ga-soþjan; A. S. sadjan; O. H. G. satjan; Lat. satiare]:—to satiate, feed; Gera ok Freka seðr, Gm. 19; s. e-n af e-u, or á e-u, s. hrafn af hræjum, Hkv. 1. 43, Fas. i. 140; s. hrafn á holdi, Korm. (in a verse); og hann girnfist að s. sik af þeim molum sem féllu af borðum hins ríka, Luke xvi. 21: metaph., Stj. 29; at ek skylda sadda hafa yðra fýst á minni frásögn, 655 xxx. A. 4; s. fenginn hungr á nýju ránfengi, Al. 83: s. e-n e-u, s. oss sínum málum helgum, 625. 79; s. þorsta, to slake the thirst, Magn. 486.
    II. reflex. seðjask, to be sated, eat one’s fill; vitnir seðsk. the wolf is sated, Edda (Ht.) 9; seðjask Sæhrímni, Gm.; vér söddumk af konunglegri sælu, Al. 165; seðjask á e-u, 677. 3; láta verða sadda sína reiði, Al. 106.
    III. part. saddr, [Germ. satt], sated, having eaten one’s fill, eg er saddr; vera s. á e-u, to have got enough of, Ld. 98; full-s.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SEÐJA

  • 15 SNÆÐA

    (-dda, -ddr), v. to eat, take a meal (þeir snæddu ok drukku).
    * * *
    d, [snáð], to eat, take a meal, with dat.; sem vit höfum snætt þessu, Stj. (mod. with acc.): absol., þeir snæddu báðir samt, Fms. i. 216; s. af einum diski, 259; er konungr hafði snætt at dagverðar-borðum, vi. 150; þeir hvíldusk ok ætlaði konungr at snæða, ix. 404.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SNÆÐA

  • 16 torga

    að, to eat up; with dat., eg torga því ekki, I cannot eat it up; hann át sem hann torgaði, he ate all he could.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > torga

  • 17 UPP

    up
    * * *
    adv.
    1) up;
    upp ok niðr, upp ok ofan, up and down;
    íkorni renn upp ok niðr eptir askinum, a squirrel springs up and down the tree;
    grípa upp, to pick up;
    upp með, up along;
    líta upp, to look up;
    búa (gera) upp hvílu, to make up a bed;
    drepa upp eld, to strike fire;
    2) with the notion of consuming;
    drekka (eta) upp, to drink (eat) up;
    ausa upp, to bale out;
    skipta upp, to share it all out;
    3) with the notion of discovery;
    spyrja, frétta upp, to find out;
    4) quite;
    fullr upp flærðar, brimful of falsehood;
    5) of time;
    upp frá því, ever since;
    upp heðan, henceforth;
    6) upp á, upon, on;
    upp á trú þina, upon thy faith;
    upp á Ebresku, in Hebrew;
    sjá, horfa upp á, to look upon;
    hugsa upp á, to yearn for, to be bent on.
    * * *
    adv. [Ulf. iup = ἄνω; A. S. and Engl. up; Dan. op; Germ. auf; from the compounded particle upp á (= Engl. upon) comes the mod. Dan. paa, as also the provinc. Dan. ‘pi, ‘punder, qs. upp-á, upp-í, upp-undir]:—up; upp ok niðr, up and down, passim; þrifa upp, to catch up; gripa upp, to pick up, Fms. xi. 124; taka upp, Nj. 55; ganga upp, to go up, ascend, Eg. 717; upp á hauginn, Fms. ii. 60; upp þangat, i. 60; upp til Fljótshlíðar, Nj. 69; upp með, up along, 74; upp ok ofan með ánni, Fms. iii. 56: of direction, sjá upp, líta upp, to look up, iv. 153; næst tungli upp frá, upwards, Rb. 110; hanga upp yfir þeim, up over one’s head, Bárð. 170; skamt á land upp, Fms. i. 60; hann hefir upp líking manns, Best. 47; upp var fjöðrin breið, Eg. 285.
    II. with verbs; setja upp. skip, to launch, Fms. i. 62, Eg. 592; setja upp gnegg, see setja A.I. 4; skipa upp, to unload cargo, see skipa; grafa upp, to dig up, Nj. 86, 99; binda upp, to bind up, Bs. i. 194; réttask upp, to stretch oneself, Fms. v. 29; rísa upp, to rise; reisa upp, to raise up, Fms. i. 148; standa upp, to stand up; spretta upp, to spring up; vekja upp, to wake up, awaken, also to raise a ghost, x. 309; eggja upp, Nj. 69; koma upp, to come up, appear, Sturl. ii. 124; skella upp, to burst into laughter, 136; ljósta upp ópi, to lift up the war-cry, Fms. vii. 260; syngja upp, to sing up or loudly, x. 15, cp. Engl. to speak up; lesa upp, to read up, ix. 255; ráða upp, id.; segia upp, to say up, announce; telja upp, to count up, i. 21; inna upp, id., xi. 89; lúka upp, to open up, etc., see lúka; bjóða upp, to give up, yield up, Edda 32, Fms. vi. 241, Nj. 25, 76, Dipl. ii. 4, Grett. 147; gefa upp, to give up, pardon, Fms. ii. 33, x. 6; skipta upp, to share, iii. 92; gjalda upp, to pay up or out, x. 199, xi. 81; bæta upp, göra upp, smíða upp, to make up, repair, iv. 93, ix. 43, 338; búa upp hvílu, to make up a bed. Nj. 168; göra upp hvílu, id., Sturl. ii. 124; drepa upp eld, to strike fire, Fms. iv. 338; tendra upp, to light up, H. E. i. 455; bregða upp, to break up, Hkr. ii. 121, Fms. xi. 219.
    2. with the notion of consuming; drekka upp, eta upp, to drink up, eat up; gefa upp, to give all up, Fms. vii. 197; brytja upp, skipta upp, to share it all out; ausa upp, Grett. 95 B; brenna upp, K. Þ. K.; eyða upp, Fms. ii. 118, xi. 236; gjalda upp, 26; beita upp, Eg. 49, 712; leggjask upp, to be deserted, Ld. 60.
    3. with the notion of discovery; spyrja upp, to find out, Sturl. ii. 125; frétta e-t upp, Fdda (pref.)
    4. denoting quite; kistur fullar upp bóka, quite full, 656 B. 1; fullr upp flærðar, full up, i. e. brimful of falsehood, Fms. viii. 391; cp. Dan. ‘have fuldt op af noget,’ to have a thing in abundance; höggva upp, to cut up, cut in pieces, ix. 381; hann þagði upp mörgum dægrum saman, iv. 167.
    III. of time; vetrinn er á leið upp, Fms. xi. 52; sem upp á líðr, as it advances, vi. 217; upp frá Fardögum, Dipl. ii. 10; upp frá því, ever since, Fms. xi. 334, Sks. 717, Stj. 282, K. Þ. K.; upp héðan, henceforth, Gm.; til þings upp, up to the time of the þing, Grág. i. 262.
    IV. with prepp,; up á, upon; upp á trú þína, upon my faith, Fms. i. 79; segja upp á trú sína, xi. 285; hafa statt upp á hjarta mitt, i. 284; upp á Ebresku, in Hebrew, Stj. 5, Am. 16; upp á fé eða umsýslu, Valla L. 202; sjá upp á, horfa upp á, Vígl. 20; abbask, slást upp á, to assail, Nj. 194, Grett. 143; fara með her upp á Dani, Fms. xi. 417; herja upp á, 11; upp á Svía-ríki, x. 50; leggja hatr upp á, Stj.; mannfalli snýr upp á Vindr, Fms. xi. 390; upp á skaða e-s, Th. 78; fýsask, stunda upp á e-t, Stj.; hugsa upp á, to yearn for, Fms. xi. 423; upp á vald ok forsjá Guðs, i. 185; heimta skuld upp á e-n, Dipl. i. 4; upp á kost e-s, upp á erfingja mína, at their expense, Ísl. i. 149 (v. l.), Dipl. iv. 8:—upp-í, up into; upp í Norrænu, upp í várt mál, Stj.; skipaði hann þat upp í fjórðungs gjöf síua, Dipl. v. 1; upp í jörðina, upp í skuld, 21:—upp-at, up to; upp-úr, upp-yfir, up above; upp-undir, upp-eptir, upp-með, up along.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > UPP

  • 18 áta

    (að), v. to stain, smear.
    * * *
    u, f.
    1. food to eat, but only of beasts, a prey, carcase; húð ok áta, of a slaughtered beast, N. G. L. i. 246; svá er þar ekki þrot ærinnar átu (for seals), Sks. 176; þar stóð úlfr í átu, Jd. 31.
    2. eating; góðr átu, ‘good eating,’ Sks. 136, 137.
    3. medic. a cancer, and átu-mein, n. id., Fél. ix. 190; the old word is eta, q. v.
    COMPD: átuþýfi.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > áta

  • 19 BJARGA

    * * *
    I)
    (berg; barg, burgum; borginn), v.
    1) to help, save, with dat.;
    nema Þ. byrgi honum, unless Th. helped him;
    sá er öldum bergr, who saves mankind (viz. against the giants, i. e. Thor);
    guðs son er öllum heimi barg, who saved the whole world;
    impers., e-m er borgit, one is saved, comes safe and sound out of danger (brutu skip sitt ok týndu fé öllu, en mönnum varð borgit flestum);
    bjarga skipshöfn, to rescue the shipwrecked;
    bjarga hval, to secure a dead whale (by dragging it ashore);
    bjarga sök, máli, to succeed in winning a case, a suit;
    2) refl., bjargast, to keep up the heart, esp. against cold or hunger;
    Oddr bargst vel á fjallinu (in a snow storm);
    bjargast sjálfr, to gain one’s bread;
    bjargast á sínar hendr, to support oneself with one’s own hands;
    bjargast úti, to find one’s food (graze) in the field (of cattle);
    Snorri góði fann, at nafni hans bargst lítt við ostinn, that he got on slowly with eating the cheese;
    verði þér nú at bjargast við slík sem til er, you must now put up with what you can get.
    (að), v. (rare), = preceding (bjargat mun málinu verða).
    * * *
    barg, burgu, borgit; pres. bergr, pl. björgum; imperat. bjarg; pret. subj. byrga: in mod. use after the Reformation this verb is constantly used weak, bjarga, að, pres. bjargar, pret. bjargat; the only remnant of the old is the sup. borgit, etc. In Norway this weak form occurs very early, e. g. bjargar, servat, Hom. 17; in Icel. the weak seldom occurs before the 15th century; bjargaðist, Fs. 143, and bjargat (sup.) = borgit, Lv. 11, are probably due to these passages being left in paper MSS.; the weak bjargaði, however, occurs in a vellum MS. of the 15th century, Þorf. Karl. 388; 1st pers. pres. bjarga, Fms. xi. 150 (MS. 13th century) seems to be a Norse idiom, [Goth. bairgan; Hel. bergan; A. S. beargan; cp. birgr]:—to save, help; with dat., bergr hverjum sem eigi er feigr (a proverb), Sturl. iii. 220; sá er öldum bergr, who saves mankind, viz. against the giants, i. e. Thor, Hým. 22; nema Þorgeirr byrgi honum, Rd. 295: absol., Guð barg (by God’s grace) er konungrinn varð eigi sárr, Fms. v. 268: in theol. sense, vildu þeir eigi snúast til mín at ek byrga þeim, 656 C. 23, Hom. l. c.: impers., e-m er borgit, is saved, comes safe and sound out of danger, Fær. 178, Hkv. Hjörv. 29.
    2. a law term; b. sök, máli, to find a point of defence; hann bergr þeim kosti sökinni, at …, Grág. i. 40; bergsk hann við bjargkviðinn, he is free by virtue of the verdict, 36; borgit mun nú verða at lögum, i. e. there will be some means of putting it right, Lv. 11, Nj. 36.
    3. special phrases; b. skipshöfn, to pick up the shipwrecked, Þorf. Karl. l. c., Fms. xi. 412; skipi, to haul a ship out of the reach of tides and waves, Grág. ii. 385; hval, to drag a dead whale ashore, Gþl. 461: to help labouring women (v. bjargrúnar), Sdm. 9; b. nám (v. nábjargir), to render the last service to a dead body, 33; b. kúm, to attend cows casting calf, Bjarn. 32; b. búfé, to milk ewes, N. G. L. i. 10; b. brókum, cacare, Fms. xi. 150.
    II. recipr. of mutual help; bjargast at allir saman, to be saved all in common, Hkr. ii. 347.
    III. reflex., bjargask vel, to behave well, keep the heart up, esp. in cold or hunger; Oddr bargst vel á fjallinu (in snow storm), Sturl. iii. 215, Orkn. 324, of one shipwrecked; b. úti, of cattle, to graze, N. G. L. i. 25; b. sjálfr, to gain one’s bread, Grág. i. 294; b. á sínar hendr (spýtur), to support oneself with one’s own hands, Fms. ii. 159: of food or drink, cp. bergja; Snorri goði fann, at nafni hans bargst lítt við ostinn, that he got on slowly eating the cheese, Eb. 244; hann spurði, hví hann byrgist svá lítt (v. l. mataðist svá seint), … why he ate so slowly, id.; verði þér nú at bjargast við slíkt sem til er, you must put up with what you can get, Germ. für lieb nehmen, Eg. 204; hon bað fyrir þær matar ok burgust þær við þat, Clem. 26; hon bjargaðist (= bargst) lítt við þá fæðu er til var, she could hardly eat the food they had (v. l. hjúkaðist), Fs. 174. Part. borginn, used as adj. and even in compar.; impers., erat héra (héri = hegri = duck) at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, the drake is none the better off though a hen shield him, metaph. of a craven, Fs. 174, Fms. vii. 116: [Early Engl. to borrow = to save, ‘who borrowed Susanna out of wo,’ Sir Guy of Warwick.]

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BJARGA

  • 20 blanda

    * * *
    I)
    (blend; blétt, bléndum; blandinn), v. to blend, mix, e-t e-u, with a thing (blanda mjöð, drykk, eitri); blanda e-t saman, to mix together (blanda saman hvítt ok rautt); more common, blanda e-u við e-t; blanda vatni við vín, to mix wine with water; blanda mötuneyti (dat.,) við e-n, to eat together with one;
    refl., blandast við e-n, to have intercourse with one, esp. of sexual intercourse (blandast við konur af heiðnum þjóðum).
    (að), v. = prec.
    f. mixture of two fluids (fór fyrst ór blóð, síðan blanda), esp. sour whey mixed with water.
    * * *
    u, f. any mixture of two fluids, Fs. 145 (of watery blood); but esp. a beverage of hot whey mixed up with water, Vm. 60, Fms. ix. 360. Blanda also is the local name of a stream of glacier water in the north of Icel., v. Landn.
    β. metaph. the name of a book, miscellanea; skal sjá skrá … heita B., því at saman er blandað skyldu tali ok úskyldu, Rb. 4, v. l., in MS. Am. 625, 4to. blöndu-horn, n. a cup of blanda, a cognom., Landn. 278.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > blanda

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  • Eat — ([=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Ate} ([=a]t; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. p. {Eaten} ([=e]t n), Obs. or Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. pr. & vb. n. {Eating}.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Eat — ([=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Ate} ([=a]t; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. p. {Eaten} ([=e]t n), Obs. or Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. pr. & vb. n. {Eating}.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Eat — ([=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Ate} ([=a]t; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. p. {Eaten} ([=e]t n), Obs. or Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. pr. & vb. n. {Eating}.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Eat You Up — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda «Eat You Up» Sencillo de BoA del álbum BoA Publicación 21 de octubre, 2008 Formato Descarga digital …   Wikipedia Español

  • Eat a Bowl of Tea (novel) — Eat a Bowl of Tea published in 1961, was the first Chinese American novel actually set in Chinese America. Its honest portrayal of New York s Chinatown after World War II made Eat a Bowl of Tea a classic in Asian American literature.The story… …   Wikipedia

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